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<meta name="description" content="动机1.在软件系统中，经常面临着“某些结构复杂的对象”的创建工作；由于需求的变化，这些对象经常面临着剧烈的变化，但是它们却拥有文件稳定一致的接口。 2.如何应对这种变化？如何向“客户程序（使用这些对象的程序）”隔离出“这些易变对象”，从而使得“依赖这些易变对象的客户程序”不随着需求变化而变化？">
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        <h1 id="动机"><a href="#动机" class="headerlink" title="动机"></a>动机</h1><p>1.在软件系统中，经常面临着“某些结构复杂的对象”的创建工作；由于需求的变化，这些对象经常面临着剧烈的变化，但是它们却拥有文件稳定一致的接口。</p>
<p>2.如何应对这种变化？如何向“客户程序（使用这些对象的程序）”隔离出“这些易变对象”，从而使得“依赖这些易变对象的客户程序”不随着需求变化而变化？</p>
<a id="more"></a>
<hr>
<h1 id="模式定义"><a href="#模式定义" class="headerlink" title="模式定义"></a>模式定义</h1><p>使用原型实例指定创建对象的种类，然后通过拷贝这些原型来创建新的对象。</p>
<hr>
<h1 id="结构"><a href="#结构" class="headerlink" title="结构"></a>结构</h1><p><img src="/2019/06/23/designpatternprototype/prototype.png" alt="原型模式"></p>
<hr>
<h1 id="代码示例"><a href="#代码示例" class="headerlink" title="代码示例"></a>代码示例</h1><p>如果文件分割器本身是变化的，但是接口比较稳定。</p>
<figure class="highlight c++"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">//抽象类</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">ISplitter</span>&#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">virtual</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">split</span><span class="params">()</span></span>=<span class="number">0</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">virtual</span> ISplitter* <span class="title">clone</span><span class="params">()</span></span>=<span class="number">0</span>; <span class="comment">//通过克隆自己来创建对象</span></span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">virtual</span> ~ISplitter()&#123;&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//具体类</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">BinarySplitter</span> :</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> ISplitter&#123;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">virtual</span> ISplitter* <span class="title">clone</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> BinarySplitter(*<span class="keyword">this</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">TxtSplitter</span>:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> ISplitter&#123;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">virtual</span> ISplitter* <span class="title">clone</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> TxtSplitter(*<span class="keyword">this</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">PictureSplitter</span>:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> ISplitter&#123;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">virtual</span> ISplitter* <span class="title">clone</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> PictureSplitter(*<span class="keyword">this</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">VideoSplitter</span>:</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> ISplitter&#123;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">virtual</span> ISplitter* <span class="title">clone</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> VideoSplitter(*<span class="keyword">this</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">MainForm</span> :</span> <span class="keyword">public</span> Form</span><br><span class="line">&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    ISplitter*  prototype;<span class="comment">//原型对象</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">    MainForm(ISplitter*  prototype)&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">this</span>-&gt;prototype=prototype;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    </span><br><span class="line">	<span class="function"><span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">Button1_Click</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">		ISplitter * splitter=</span><br><span class="line">            prototype-&gt;clone(); <span class="comment">//克隆原型</span></span><br><span class="line">        </span><br><span class="line">        splitter-&gt;split();</span><br><span class="line">	&#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<hr>
<h1 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h1><p>1.Prototype模式同样用于隔离类对象的使用者和具体类型（易变类）之间的耦合关系，它同样要求这些“易变类”拥有“稳定的接口”。</p>
<p>2.Prototype模式对于“如何创建易变类的实例对象”采用“原型克隆”的方法来实现，它使得我们可以非常灵活地动态创建“拥有某些稳定接口”的新对象–所需工作仅仅是注册一个新类的克隆对象（即原型），然后在任何需要的地方克隆。</p>
<p>3.Prototype模式中的Clone方法可以利用某些框架中的序列化来实现。</p>

      
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